多条sql执行时如果在中间的语句出现错误，后续会不会直接执行，如何进行设定，以及其他数据库诸如mysql是如何对应的，这篇文章将会进行简单的整理和说明。
环境准备
使用oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境，详细可参看：
多行语句的正常执行
对上篇文章创建的两个字段的学生信息表，正常添加三条数据，详细如下：
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@xe <<eof > desc student > select * from student; > insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); > insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao'); > insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); > commit; > select * from student; > eof sql*plus: release 11.2.0.2.0 production on sun oct 21 12:08:35 2018 copyright (c) 1982, 2011, oracle. all rights reserved. connected to: oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production sql> name null? type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- stuid not null number(4) stuname varchar2(50) sql> no rows selected sql> 1 row created. sql> 1 row created. sql> 1 row created. sql> commit complete. sql> stuid stuname ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1002 liumiao 1003 michael sql> disconnected from oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production #
多行语句中间出错时的缺省动作
问题：
三行insert语句，如果中间的一行出错，缺省的状况下第三行会不会被插入进去？
我们将第二条insert语句的主键故意设定重复，然后进行确认第三条数据是否会进行插入即可。
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@xe <<eof desc student delete from student; select * from student; insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao'); insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); select * from student; commit;> > > > > > eof sql*plus: release 11.2.0.2.0 production on sun oct 21 12:15:16 2018 copyright (c) 1982, 2011, oracle. all rights reserved. connected to: oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production sql> name null? type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- stuid not null number(4) stuname varchar2(50) sql> 2 rows deleted. sql> no rows selected sql> 1 row created. sql> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao') * error at line 1: ora-00001: unique constraint (system.sys_c007024) violated sql> 1 row created. sql> stuid stuname ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1003 michael sql> sql> disconnected from oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production #
结果非常清晰地表明是会继续执行的，在oracle中通过什么来对其进行控制呢？
whenever sqlerror
答案很简单，在oracle中通过whenever sqlerror来进行控制。
whenever sqlerror {exit [success | failure | warning | n | variable | :bindvariable] [commit | rollback] | continue [commit | rollback | none]}
whenever sqlerror exit
添加此行设定，即会在失败的时候立即推出，接下来我们进行确认：
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@xe <<eof whenever sqlerror exit desc student delete from student; select * from student; insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao'); insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); select * from student; commit;> > > > > > > > > > eof sql*plus: release 11.2.0.2.0 production on sun oct 21 12:27:15 2018 copyright (c) 1982, 2011, oracle. all rights reserved. connected to: oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production sql> sql> name null? type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- stuid not null number(4) stuname varchar2(50) sql> 2 rows deleted. sql> no rows selected sql> 1 row created. sql> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao') * error at line 1: ora-00001: unique constraint (system.sys_c007024) violated disconnected from oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production #
whenever sqlerror continue
使用continue则和缺省方式下的行为一致，出错仍然继续执行
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@xe <<eof whenever sqlerror continue desc student delete from student; select * from student; insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao'); insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); select * from student; commit;> > > > > > > > > > eof sql*plus: release 11.2.0.2.0 production on sun oct 21 12:31:54 2018 copyright (c) 1982, 2011, oracle. all rights reserved. connected to: oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production sql> sql> name null? type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- stuid not null number(4) stuname varchar2(50) sql> 1 row deleted. sql> no rows selected sql> 1 row created. sql> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao') * error at line 1: ora-00001: unique constraint (system.sys_c007024) violated sql> 1 row created. sql> stuid stuname ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1003 michael sql> commit complete. sql> disconnected from oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production #
mysql中类似的机制
mysql中使用source是否提供相关的类似机制的问题中，最终引入了oracle此项功能在mysql中引入的建议，详细请参看：
所以目前这只是一个sqlplus端的强化功能，并非标准，不同数据库需要确认相应的功能是否存在。
小结
oracle中使用whenever sqlerror进行出错控制是否继续，本文给出的例子非常简单，详细功能的使用可根据文中列出的usage进行自行验证和探索。
总结
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