spring只支持xml方式而没有实现注解的方式(也叫aspectj方式)的aop,所以要使用@aspect注解,只能引入aspectj相关的 jar 包 aopalliance-1.0.jar 和 aspectjweaver.jar,这个坑把我给坑惨了。
使用步骤如下:
1、引入相关jar包
2、spring的配置文件 applicationcontext.xml 中引入context、aop对应的命名空间;配置自动扫描的包,同时使切面类中相关方法中的注解生效,需自动地为匹配到的方法所在的类生成代理对象。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <!-- 配置自动扫描的包 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.qcc.beans.aop"></context:component-scan> <!-- 自动为切面方法中匹配的方法所在的类生成代理对象。 --> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy> </beans>
3、创建简单计算器的接口arithmeticcalculator.java及实现类arithmeticcalculatorimpl.java
package com.qcc.beans.aop;
public interface arithmeticcalculator {
int add(int i, int j);
int sub(int i, int j);
int mul(int i, int j);
int div(int i, int j);
}
package com.qcc.beans.aop;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
//将实现类加入spring的ioc容器进行管理
@component("arithmeticcalculator")
public class arithmeticcalculatorimpl implements arithmeticcalculator {
@override
public int add(int i, int j) {
int result = i + j;
return result;
}
@override
public int sub(int i, int j) {
int result = i - j;
return result;
}
@override
public int mul(int i, int j) {
int result = i * j;
return result;
}
@override
public int div(int i, int j) {
int result = i / j;
return result;
}
}
4、现在想在实现类中的每个方法执行前、后、以及是否发生异常等信息打印出来,需要把日志信息抽取出来,写到对应的切面的类中 loggingaspect.java 中
要想把一个类变成切面类,需要两步,
① 在类上使用 @component 注解 把切面类加入到ioc容器中
② 在类上使用 @aspect 注解 使之成为切面类
下面直接上完整代码,用@aspect注解方式来实现前置通知、返回通知、后置通知、异常通知、环绕通知。
package com.qcc.beans.aop;
import java.util.arrays;
import org.aspectj.lang.joinpoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.proceedingjoinpoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.after;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.afterreturning;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.afterthrowing;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.before;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
/**
* 日志切面
*
* @author qianchaochen 00002336<br>
* @date 2017年3月3日 下午3:03:29
*/
@component
@aspect
public class loggingaspect {
/**
* 前置通知:目标方法执行之前执行以下方法体的内容
* @param jp
*/
@before("execution(* com.qcc.beans.aop.*.*(..))")
public void beforemethod(joinpoint jp){
string methodname = jp.getsignature().getname();
system.out.println("【前置通知】the method 【" + methodname + "】 begins with " + arrays.aslist(jp.getargs()));
}
/**
* 返回通知:目标方法正常执行完毕时执行以下代码
* @param jp
* @param result
*/
@afterreturning(value="execution(* com.qcc.beans.aop.*.*(..))",returning="result")
public void afterreturningmethod(joinpoint jp, object result){
string methodname = jp.getsignature().getname();
system.out.println("【返回通知】the method 【" + methodname + "】 ends with 【" + result + "】");
}
/**
* 后置通知:目标方法执行之后执行以下方法体的内容,不管是否发生异常。
* @param jp
*/
@after("execution(* com.qcc.beans.aop.*.*(..))")
public void aftermethod(joinpoint jp){
system.out.println("【后置通知】this is a aftermethod advice...");
}
/**
* 异常通知:目标方法发生异常的时候执行以下代码
*/
@afterthrowing(value="execution(* com.qcc.beans.aop.*.*(..))",throwing="e")
public void afterthorwingmethod(joinpoint jp, nullpointerexception e){
string methodname = jp.getsignature().getname();
system.out.println("【异常通知】the method 【" + methodname + "】 occurs exception: " + e);
}
// /**
// * 环绕通知:目标方法执行前后分别执行一些代码,发生异常的时候执行另外一些代码
// * @return
// */
// @around(value="execution(* com.qcc.beans.aop.*.*(..))")
// public object aroundmethod(proceedingjoinpoint jp){
// string methodname = jp.getsignature().getname();
// object result = null;
// try {
// system.out.println("【环绕通知中的--->前置通知】:the method 【" + methodname + "】 begins with " + arrays.aslist(jp.getargs()));
// //执行目标方法
// result = jp.proceed();
// system.out.println("【环绕通知中的--->返回通知】:the method 【" + methodname + "】 ends with " + result);
// } catch (throwable e) {
// system.out.println("【环绕通知中的--->异常通知】:the method 【" + methodname + "】 occurs exception " + e);
// }
//
// system.out.println("【环绕通知中的--->后置通知】:-----------------end.----------------------");
// return result;
// }
}
5、编写main方法进行测试
package com.qcc.beans.aop;
import org.springframework.context.applicationcontext;
import org.springframework.context.support.classpathxmlapplicationcontext;
public class main {
public static void main(string[] args) {
applicationcontext ctx = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("applicationcontext.xml");
arithmeticcalculator arithmeticcalculator = (arithmeticcalculator) ctx.getbean("arithmeticcalculator");
system.out.println(arithmeticcalculator.getclass());
int result = arithmeticcalculator.add(3, 5);
system.out.println("result: " + result);
result = arithmeticcalculator.div(5, 0);
system.out.println("result: " + result);
}
}
运行结果:
class com.sun.proxy.$proxy10 【前置通知】the method 【add】 begins with [3, 5] 【后置通知】this is a aftermethod advice... 【返回通知】the method 【add】 ends with 【8】 result: 8 【前置通知】the method 【div】 begins with [5, 0] 【后置通知】this is a aftermethod advice... exception in thread "main" java.lang.arithmeticexception: / by zero at com.qcc.beans.aop.arithmeticcalculatorimpl.div(arithmeticcalculatorimpl.java:28) at sun.reflect.nativemethodaccessorimpl.invoke0(native method) at sun.reflect.nativemethodaccessorimpl.invoke(nativemethodaccessorimpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.invoke(delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.method.invoke(method.java:606) at org.springframework.aop.support.aoputils.invokejoinpointusingreflection(aoputils.java:317) at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.invokejoinpoint(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:190) at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:157) at org.springframework.aop.framework.adapter.methodbeforeadviceinterceptor.invoke(methodbeforeadviceinterceptor.java:52) at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:179) at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.aspectjafteradvice.invoke(aspectjafteradvice.java:43) at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:179) at org.springframework.aop.framework.adapter.afterreturningadviceinterceptor.invoke(afterreturningadviceinterceptor.java:52) at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:179) at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.aspectjafterthrowingadvice.invoke(aspectjafterthrowingadvice.java:58) at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:179) at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.exposeinvocationinterceptor.invoke(exposeinvocationinterceptor.java:92) at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:179) at org.springframework.aop.framework.jdkdynamicaopproxy.invoke(jdkdynamicaopproxy.java:207) at com.sun.proxy.$proxy10.div(unknown source) at com.qcc.beans.aop.main.main(main.java:15)
把其它代码都注释掉,把环绕通知的方法释放出来,测试结果如下:
【环绕通知中的--->前置通知】:the method 【add】 begins with [3, 5] 【环绕通知中的--->返回通知】:the method 【add】 ends with 8 【环绕通知中的--->后置通知】:-----------------end.---------------------- result: 8 【环绕通知中的--->前置通知】:the method 【div】 begins with [5, 0] 【环绕通知中的--->异常通知】:the method 【div】 occurs exception java.lang.arithmeticexception: / by zero 【环绕通知中的--->后置通知】:-----------------end.---------------------- exception in thread "main" org.springframework.aop.aopinvocationexception: null return value from advice does not match primitive return type for: public abstract int com.qcc.beans.aop.arithmeticcalculator.div(int,int) at org.springframework.aop.framework.jdkdynamicaopproxy.invoke(jdkdynamicaopproxy.java:219) at com.sun.proxy.$proxy7.div(unknown source) at com.qcc.beans.aop.main.main(main.java:15)
从以上发现,返回通知和异常通知不会同时出现;不管是否发生异常,后置通知都会正常打印。
补充:基于@aspect实现aop的两种方式
第一种:
package com.anno;
import java.lang.annotation.elementtype;
import java.lang.annotation.retention;
import java.lang.annotation.retentionpolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.target;
@retention(retentionpolicy.runtime) //什么时候运行和结束
@target( {elementtype.method , elementtype.type}) //能放在哪里.
public @interface annotationtwo {
}
package com.anno;
import org.aspectj.lang.proceedingjoinpoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.pointcut;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.enableaspectjautoproxy;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
@aspect
@component
@enableaspectjautoproxy
public class aspectannotationtow {
@pointcut("@annotation(annotationtwo)")
public void aspecttow(){
}
@around("aspecttow()")
public void aspectservice(proceedingjoinpoint joinpoint){
system.out.println(111);
try {
object proceed = joinpoint.proceed();
} catch (throwable e) {
e.printstacktrace();
}
}
}
第二种:
package com.testannotation;
import java.lang.annotation.elementtype;
import java.lang.annotation.retention;
import java.lang.annotation.retentionpolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.target;
@retention(retentionpolicy.runtime) //什么时候运行和结束
@target( {elementtype.method , elementtype.type}) //能放在哪里.
public @interface annotationoftest {
public string say();
public long howlong() default long.max_value;
}
package com.testannotation;
import org.aspectj.lang.proceedingjoinpoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.aspect;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.enableaspectjautoproxy;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import com.rabbitmq.tools.jsonrpc.proceduredescription;
@component
@enableaspectjautoproxy
@aspect
public class aspectannotation {
@around("@annotation(annotationoftest)")
public object interceptor(proceedingjoinpoint pjp, annotationoftest annotationoftest ) {
string say = annotationoftest.say();
long howlong = annotationoftest.howlong();
try {
system.out.println(say+"\t"+howlong);
object object = pjp.proceed();
return object;
} catch (throwable e) {
e.printstacktrace();
}
return null;
}
}
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemalocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.testannotation"></context:component-scan>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.service"></context:component-scan>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.anno"></context:component-scan>
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
</beans>
service:
package com.service;
import java.util.date;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;
import com.anno.annotationtwo;
import com.testannotation.annotationoftest;
@service
public class service {
@annotationtwo
public void go()
{
system.out.println(new date().tolocalestring());
}
}
项目结构:
测试:
package com.test;
import org.springframework.context.applicationcontext;
import org.springframework.context.support.classpathxmlapplicationcontext;
import com.service.service;
import com.testannotation.annotationoftest;
public class test {
public static void main(string[] args) {
applicationcontext applicationcontext = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("applicationcontext.xml");
service bean = applicationcontext.getbean(service.class);
bean.go();
}
}
所需要的包:
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持www.887551.com。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教。