在centos 6.3下安装完oracle 10g r2，重开机之后，你会发现oracle没有自行启动，这是正常的，因为在linux下安装oracle的确不会自行启动，必须要自行设定相关参数，首先先介绍一般而言如何启动oracle。
一、在linux下启动oracle
登录到centos，切换到oracle用户权限
# su – oracle
接着输入：
$ sqlplus “/as sysdba”
原本的画面会变为
sql>
接着请输入
sql> startup
就可以正常的启动数据库了。
另外停止数据库的指令如下：
sql> shutdown immediate
二、检查oracle db监听器是否正常
回到终端机模式，输入：
$ lsnrctl status
检查看看监听器是否有启动
如果没有启动，可以输入：
$ lsnrctl start
启动监听器
sql> conn sys@orcl as sysdba
然后输入密码，sys以sysdba身份登入数据库。
三、启动emctl
另外也可以发现http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em 目前是没有反应的，这边要另外启动，启动的指令如下：
$ emctl start dbconsole
这个指令运行时间较长，执行完的画面如下：
手动启动oracle数据库完毕，下面创建系统自行启动oracle的脚本。
四、oracle启动&停止脚本
1. 修改oracle系统配置文件：/etc/oratab，只有这样，oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。
# vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/opt/oracle/102:y
# entries are of the form:
# $oracle_sid:$oracle_home:<n|y>:
2. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建文件oracle，内容如下：
复制代码 代码如下:
#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 35 80 10
# description: oracle auto start-stop script.
#
# set ora_home to be equivalent to the $oracle_home
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# set ora_owner to the user id of the owner of the
# oracle database in ora_home.
ora_home=/opt/oracle/102
ora_owner=oracle
if [ ! -f $ora_home/bin/dbstart ]
then
echo “oracle startup: cannot start”
exit
fi
case “$1” in
‘start’)
# start the oracle databases:
echo “starting oracle databases … ”
echo “————————————————-” >> /var/log/oracle
date +” %t %a %d : starting oracle databases as part of system up.” >> /var/log/oracle
echo “————————————————-” >> /var/log/oracle
su – $ora_owner -c “$ora_home/bin/dbstart” >>/var/log/oracle
echo “done”
# start the listener:
echo “starting oracle listeners … ”
echo “————————————————-” >> /var/log/oracle
date +” %t %a %d : starting oracle listeners as part of system up.” >> /var/log/oracle
echo “————————————————-” >> /var/log/oracle
su – $ora_owner -c “$ora_home/bin/lsnrctl start” >>/var/log/oracle
echo “done.”
echo “————————————————-” >> /var/log/oracle
date +” %t %a %d : finished.” >> /var/log/oracle
echo “————————————————-” >> /var/log/oracle
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
‘stop’)
# stop the oracle listener:
echo “stoping oracle listeners … ”
echo “————————————————-” >> /var/log/oracle
date +” %t %a %d : stoping oracle listener as part of system down.” >> /var/log/oracle
echo “————————————————-” >> /var/log/oracle
su – $ora_owner -c “$ora_home/bin/lsnrctl stop” >>/var/log/oracle
echo “done.”
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
# stop the oracle database:
echo “stoping oracle databases … ”
echo “————————————————-” >> /var/log/oracle
date +” %t %a %d : stoping oracle databases as part of system down.” >> /var/log/oracle
echo “————————————————-” >> /var/log/oracle
su – $ora_owner -c “$ora_home/bin/dbshut” >>/var/log/oracle
echo “done.”
echo “”
echo “————————————————-” >> /var/log/oracle
date +” %t %a %d : finished.” >> /var/log/oracle
echo “————————————————-” >> /var/log/oracle
‘restart’)
$0 stop
$0 start
esac
3. 改变文件权限
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
4. 添加服务
# chkconfig –level 35 oracle on
5. 需要在关机或重启机器之前停止数据库，做一下操作
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/k01oracle //关机
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/k01oracle //重启
6. 使用方法
# service oracle start //启动oracle
# service oracle stop //关闭oracle
# service oracle restart //重启oracle
7. 测试
a. 开机自启动
复制代码 代码如下:
last login: mon nov 26 19:57:06 2012 from 10.0.0.145
[root@ors ~]# su – oracle
[oracle@ors ~]$ sqlplus “/as sysdba”
sql*plus: release 10.2.0.1.0 – production on mon nov 26 20:07:33 2012
copyright (c) 1982, 2005, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.1.0 – production
with the partitioning, olap and data mining options
sql> set linesize 300;
sql> set pagesize 30;
sql> select * from scott.emp;
empno ename job mgr hiredate sal comm deptno
———- ———- ——— ———- ——— ———- ———- ———-
smith clerk 7902 17-dec-80 800 20
allen salesman 7698 20-feb-81 1600 300 30
ward salesman 7698 22-feb-81 1250 500 30
jones manager 7839 02-apr-81 2975 20
martin salesman 7698 28-sep-81 1250 1400 30
blake manager 7839 01-may-81 2850 30
clark manager 7839 09-jun-81 2450 10
scott analyst 7566 19-apr-87 3000 20
king president 17-nov-81 5000 10
turner salesman 7698 08-sep-81 1500 0 30
adams clerk 7788 23-may-87 1100 20
james clerk 7698 03-dec-81 950 30
ford analyst 7566 03-dec-81 3000 20
miller clerk 7782 23-jan-82 1300 10
rows selected.
sql>
b. service oracle stop
复制代码 代码如下:
sql> disconnected from oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.1.0 – production
with the partitioning, olap and data mining options
[oracle@ors ~]$ logout
[root@ors ~]# service oracle stop
stoping oracle listeners …
done.
stoping oracle databases …
done.
[root@ors ~]# su – oracle
[oracle@ors ~]$ sqlplus “/as sysdba”
sql*plus: release 10.2.0.1.0 – production on mon nov 26 20:17:20 2012
copyright (c) 1982, 2005, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to an idle instance.
sql> set linesize 300;
sql> set pagesize 30;
sql> select * from scott.emp;
select * from scott.emp
*
error at line 1:
ora-01034: oracle not available
sql>
c. service oracle start
复制代码 代码如下:
sql> disconnected
[oracle@ors ~]$ logout
[root@ors ~]# service oracle start
starting oracle databases …
done
starting oracle listeners …
done.
[root@ors ~]#
d. service oracle restart
复制代码 代码如下:
[root@ors ~]# service oracle restart
stoping oracle listeners …
done.
stoping oracle databases …
done.
starting oracle databases …
done
starting oracle listeners …
done.
[root@ors ~]#
至此，oracle服务启动&停止脚本与开机自启动设置完毕。