https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms189822(v=sql.120).aspx
Microsoft SQL Server 将保留关键字用于定义、操作和访问数据库。
保留关键字是 SQL Server 使用的 Transact-SQL 语言语法的一部分，用于分析和理解 Transact-SQL 语句和批处理。 尽管在 Transact-SQL 脚本中使用 SQL Server 保留关键字作为标识符和对象名在语法上是可行的，但规定只能使用分隔标识符。
下表列出了 SQL Server 保留关键字。
|
add |
EXTERNAL |
PROCEDURE |
|
ALL |
FETCH |
PUBLIC |
|
ALTER |
FILE |
RAISERROR |
|
And |
FILLFACTOR |
READ |
|
ANY |
FOR |
READTEXT |
|
As |
FOREIGN |
RECONFIGURE |
|
ASC |
FREETEXT |
REFERENCES |
|
AUTHORIZATION |
FREETEXTTABLE |
REPLICATION |
|
BACKUP |
from |
RESTORE |
|
BEGIN |
FULL |
RESTRICT |
|
BETWEEN |
FUNCTION |
RETURN |
|
BREAK |
GOTO |
REVERT |
|
BROWSE |
GRANT |
REVOKE |
|
BULK |
GROUP |
RIGHT |
|
BY |
HAVING |
ROLLBACK |
|
CASCADE |
HOLDLOCK |
ROWCOUNT |
|
Case |
IDENTITY |
ROWGUIDCOL |
|
CHECK |
IDENTITY_INSERT |
RULE |
|
CHECKPOINT |
IDENTITYCOL |
SAVE |
|
close |
IF |
SCHEMA |
|
CLUSTERED |
IN |
SECURITYAUDIT |
|
COALESCE |
INDEX |
SELECT |
|
COLLATE |
INNER |
SEMANTICKEYPHRASETABLE |
|
COLUMN |
INSERT |
SEMANTICSIMILARITYDETAILSTABLE |
|
COMMIT |
INTERSECT |
SEMANTICSIMILARITYTABLE |
|
COMPUTE |
INTO |
SESSION_USER |
|
CONSTRAINT |
is |
SET |
|
CONTAINS |
JOIN |
SETUSER |
|
CONTAINSTABLE |
KEY |
SHUTDOWN |
|
CONTINUE |
KILL |
SOME |
|
CONVERT |
LEFT |
STATISTICS |
|
CREATE |
LIKE |
SYSTEM_USER |
|
CROSS |
LINENO |
TABLE |
|
CURRENT |
LOAD |
TABLESAMPLE |
|
CURRENT_DATE |
MERGE |
TEXTSIZE |
|
CURRENT_TIME |
NATIONAL |
THEN |
|
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
NOCHECK |
目标 |
|
CURRENT_USER |
NONCLUSTERED |
TOP |
|
CURSOR |
NOT |
TRAN |
|
DATABASE |
NULL |
TRANSACTION |
|
DBCC |
NULLIF |
Trigger |
|
DEALLOCATE |
OF |
TRUNCATE |
|
DECLARE |
OFF |
TRY_CONVERT |
|
DEFAULT |
OFFSETS |
TSEQUAL |
|
delete |
ON |
UNION |
|
DENY |
OPEN |
UNIQUE |
|
DESC |
OPENDATASOURCE |
UNPIVOT |
|
DISK |
OPENQUERY |
UPDATE |
|
DISTINCT |
OPENROWSET |
UPDATETEXT |
|
DISTRIBUTED |
OPENXML |
USE |
|
DOUBLE |
OPTION |
USER |
|
DROP |
OR |
VALUES |
|
DUMP |
ORDER |
VARYING |
|
Else |
OUTER |
View |
|
END |
OVER |
WAITFOR |
|
ERRLVL |
PERCENT |
WHEN |
|
ESCAPE |
PIVOT |
WHERE |
|
EXCEPT |
PLAN |
WHILE |
|
EXEC |
PRECISION |
WITH |
|
EXECUTE |
PRIMARY |
WITHIN GROUP |
|
EXISTS |
|
WRITETEXT |
|
EXIT |
PROC |
此外，ISO 标准定义了保留关键字列表。 不要使用 ISO 保留关键字作为对象名和标识符。 ODBC 保留关键字列表（如下表所示）与 ISO 保留关键字列表相同。
| 注意 |
|---|
|
ISO 标准保留关键字有时可能比 SQL Server 限制更多，有时则更少。 例如，ISO 保留关键字列表包含 INT。 SQL Server 不必将此区分为保留关键字。 |
Transact-SQL 保留关键字可用作数据库或数据库对象（如表、列、视图等）的标识符或名称。 使用带引号的标识符或分隔标识符。 不限制将保留关键字用作变量和存储过程参数的名称。
ODBC 保留关键字
保留了下列关键字以用于 ODBC 函数调用。 这些关键字根本不约束 SQL 语法；然而，为确保与支持核心 SQL 语法的驱动程序兼容，应用程序应避免使用这些关键字。
下面是当前的 ODBC 保留关键字列表。
|
ABSOLUTE |
EXEC |
OVERLAPS |
|
ACTION |
EXECUTE |
PAD |
|
ADA |
EXISTS |
PARTIAL |
|
ADD |
EXTERNAL |
PASCAL |
|
ALL |
EXTRACT |
POSITION |
|
ALLOCATE |
FALSE |
PRECISION |
|
ALTER |
FETCH |
PREPARE |
|
AND |
FIRST |
PRESERVE |
|
ANY |
FLOAT |
PRIMARY |
|
ARE |
FOR |
PRIOR |
|
AS |
FOREIGN |
PRIVILEGES |
|
ASC |
FORTRAN |
PROCEDURE |
|
ASSERTION |
FOUND |
PUBLIC |
|
AT |
FROM |
READ |
|
AUTHORIZATION |
FULL |
REAL |
|
AVG |
GET |
REFERENCES |
|
BEGIN |
GLOBAL |
RELATIVE |
|
BETWEEN |
GO |
RESTRICT |
|
BIT |
GOTO |
REVOKE |
|
BIT_LENGTH |
GRANT |
RIGHT |
|
BOTH |
GROUP |
ROLLBACK |
|
BY |
HAVING |
ROWS |
|
CASCADE |
HOUR |
SCHEMA |
|
CASCADED |
IDENTITY |
SCROLL |
|
CASE |
IMMEDIATE |
SECOND |
|
CAST |
IN |
SECTION |
|
CATALOG |
INCLUDE |
SELECT |
|
CHAR |
INDEX |
SESSION |
|
CHAR_LENGTH |
INDICATOR |
SESSION_USER |
|
CHARACTER |
INITIALLY |
SET |
|
CHARACTER_LENGTH |
INNER |
SIZE |
|
CHECK |
INPUT |
SMALLINT |
|
CLOSE |
INSENSITIVE |
SOME |
|
COALESCE |
INSERT |
SPACE |
|
COLLATE |
INT |
SQL |
|
COLLATION |
INTEGER |
SQLCA |
|
COLUMN |
INTERSECT |
SQLCODE |
|
COMMIT |
INTERVAL |
SQLERROR |
|
CONNECT |
INTO |
SQLSTATE |
|
CONNECTION |
IS |
SQLWARNING |
|
CONSTRAINT |
ISOLATION |
SUBSTRING |
|
CONSTRAINTS |
JOIN |
SUM |
|
CONTINUE |
KEY |
SYSTEM_USER |
|
CONVERT |
LANGUAGE |
TABLE |
|
CORRESPONDING |
LAST |
TEMPORARY |
|
COUNT |
LEADING |
THEN |
|
CREATE |
LEFT |
TIME |
|
CROSS |
LEVEL |
TIMESTAMP |
|
CURRENT |
LIKE |
TIMEZONE_HOUR |
|
CURRENT_DATE |
LOCAL |
TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
|
CURRENT_TIME |
LOWER |
TO |
|
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
MATCH |
TRAILING |
|
CURRENT_USER |
MAX |
TRANSACTION |
|
CURSOR |
MIN |
TRANSLATE |
|
DATE |
MINUTE |
TRANSLATION |
|
DAY |
MODULE |
TRIM |
|
DEALLOCATE |
MONTH |
TRUE |
|
DEC |
NAMES |
UNION |
|
DECIMAL |
NATIONAL |
UNIQUE |
|
DECLARE |
NATURAL |
UNKNOWN |
|
DEFAULT |
NCHAR |
UPDATE |
|
DEFERRABLE |
NEXT |
UPPER |
|
DEFERRED |
NO |
USAGE |
|
DELETE |
NONE |
USER |
|
DESC |
NOT |
USING |
|
DESCRIBE |
NULL |
VALUE |
|
DESCRIPTOR |
NULLIF |
VALUES |
|
DIAGNOSTICS |
NUMERIC |
VARCHAR |
|
DISCONNECT |
OCTET_LENGTH |
VARYING |
|
DISTINCT |
OF |
VIEW |
|
DOMAIN |
ON |
WHEN |
|
DOUBLE |
ONLY |
WHENEVER |
|
DROP |
OPEN |
WHERE |
|
ELSE |
OPTION |
WITH |
|
END |
OR |
WORK |
|
END-EXEC |
ORDER |
WRITE |
|
ESCAPE |
OUTER |
YEAR |
|
EXCEPT |
OUTPUT |
ZONE |
|
EXCEPTION |
|
|
将来的关键字
下列关键字可能会在将来的 SQL Server 版本中保留使用，作为将来要实现的新功能。 注意，不要使用这些关键字作为标识符。
|
ABSOLUTE |
HOST |
RELATIVE |
|||
|
ACTION |
HOUR |
RELEASE |
|||
|
ADMIN |
IGNORE |
RESULT |
|||
|
AFTER |
IMMEDIATE |
RETURNS |
|||
|
AGGREGATE |
INDICATOR |
ROLE |
|||
|
Alias |
INITIALIZE |
ROLLUP |
|||
|
ALLOCATE |
INITIALLY |
ROUTINE |
|||
|
ARE |
INOUT |
ROW |
|||
|
ARRAY |
INPUT |
ROWS |
|||
|
ASENSITIVE |
INT |
SAVEPOINT |
|||
|
ASSERTION |
INTEGER |
SCROLL |
|||
|
ASYMMETRIC |
INTERSECTION |
SCOPE |
|||
|
AT |
INTERVAL |
SEARCH |
|||
|
ATOMIC |
ISOLATION |
SECOND |
|||
|
BEFORE |
ITERATE |
SECTION |
|||
|
BINARY |
LANGUAGE |
SENSITIVE |
|||
|
BIT |
LARGE |
SEQUENCE |
|||
|
BLOB |
LAST |
SESSION |
|||
|
BOOLEAN |
LATERAL |
SETS |
|||
|
BOTH |
LEADING |
SIMILAR |
|||
|
BREADTH |
LESS |
SIZE |
|||
|
CALL |
LEVEL |
SMALLINT |
|||
|
CALLED |
LIKE_REGEX |
SPACE |
|||
|
CARDINALITY |
LIMIT |
SPECIFIC |
|||
|
CASCADED |
LN |
SPECIFICTYPE |
|||
|
CAST |
LOCAL |
SQL |
|||
|
CATALOG |
LOCALTIME |
SQLEXCEPTION |
|||
|
CHAR |
LOCALTIMESTAMP |
SQLSTATE |
|||
|
CHARACTER |
LOCATOR |
SQLWARNING |
|||
|
CLASS |
MAP |
START |
|||
|
CLOB |
MATCH |
状态 |
|||
|
COLLATION |
MEMBER |
STATEMENT |
|||
|
COLLECT |
METHOD |
STATIC |
|||
|
COMPLETION |
MINUTE |
STDDEV_POP |
|||
|
CONDITION |
MOD |
STDDEV_SAMP |
|||
|
CONNECT |
MODIFIES |
STRUCTURE |
|||
|
CONNECTION |
MODIFY |
SUBMULTISET |
|||
|
CONSTRAINTS |
MODULE |
SUBSTRING_REGEX |
|||
|
CONSTRUCTOR |
MONTH |
SYMMETRIC |
|||
|
CORR |
MULTISET |
SYSTEM |
|||
|
CORRESPONDING |
NAMES |
TEMPORARY |
|||
|
COVAR_POP |
NATURAL |
TERMINATE |
|||
|
COVAR_SAMP |
NCHAR |
THAN |
|||
|
CUBE |
NCLOB |
TIME |
|||
|
CUME_DIST |
NEW |
TIMESTAMP |
|||
|
CURRENT_CATALOG |
NEXT |
TIMEZONE_HOUR |
|||
|
CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP |
NO |
TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
|||
|
CURRENT_PATH |
NONE |
TRAILING |
|||
|
CURRENT_ROLE |
NORMALIZE |
TRANSLATE_REGEX |
|||
|
CURRENT_SCHEMA |
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