实际工作中,经常会遇到多线程并发时的类似抢购的功能,本篇描述一个简单的redis分布式锁实现的多线程抢票功能。
直接上代码。首先按照慣例,给出一个错误的示范:
我们可以看看,当20个线程一起来抢10张票的时候,会发生什么事。
package com.tiger.utils;
public class testmutilthread {
// 总票量
public static int count = 10;
public static void main(string[] args) {
statrtmulti();
}
public static void statrtmulti() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
ticketrunnable tickrunner = new ticketrunnable();
thread thread = new thread(tickrunner, "thread no: " + i);
thread.start();
}
}
public static class ticketrunnable implements runnable {
@override
public void run() {
system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname() + " start "
+ count);
// todo auto-generated method stub
// logger.info(thread.currentthread().getname()
// + " really start" + count);
if (count <= 0) {
system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()
+ " ticket sold out ! no tickets remained!" + count);
return;
} else {
count = count - 1;
system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()
+ " bought a ticket,now remaining :" + (count));
}
}
}
}
测试结果,从结果可以看到,票数在不同的线程中已经出现混乱。
thread no: 2 start 10 thread no: 6 start 10 thread no: 4 start 10 thread no: 5 start 10 thread no: 3 start 10 thread no: 9 start 6 thread no: 1 start 10 thread no: 1 bought a ticket,now remaining :3 thread no: 9 bought a ticket,now remaining :4 thread no: 3 bought a ticket,now remaining :5 thread no: 12 start 3 thread no: 5 bought a ticket,now remaining :6 thread no: 4 bought a ticket,now remaining :7 thread no: 8 start 7 thread no: 7 start 8 thread no: 12 bought a ticket,now remaining :1 thread no: 14 start 0 thread no: 6 bought a ticket,now remaining :8 thread no: 16 start 0 thread no: 2 bought a ticket,now remaining :9 thread no: 16 ticket sold out ! no tickets remained!0 thread no: 14 ticket sold out ! no tickets remained!0 thread no: 18 start 0 thread no: 18 ticket sold out ! no tickets remained!0 thread no: 7 bought a ticket,now remaining :0 thread no: 15 start 0 thread no: 8 bought a ticket,now remaining :1 thread no: 13 start 2 thread no: 19 start 0 thread no: 11 start 3 thread no: 11 ticket sold out ! no tickets remained!0 thread no: 10 start 3 thread no: 10 ticket sold out ! no tickets remained!0 thread no: 19 ticket sold out ! no tickets remained!0 thread no: 13 ticket sold out ! no tickets remained!0 thread no: 20 start 0 thread no: 20 ticket sold out ! no tickets remained!0 thread no: 15 ticket sold out ! no tickets remained!0 thread no: 17 start 0 thread no: 17 ticket sold out ! no tickets remained!0
为了解决多线程时出现的混乱问题,这里給出真正的测试类!!!
真正的测试类,这里启动20个线程,来抢10张票。
redistemplate 是用来实现redis操作的,由spring进行集成。这里是使用到了redistemplate,所以我以构造器的形式在外部将redistemplate传入到测试类中。
multitestlock 是用来实现加锁的工具类。
总票数使用volatile关键字,实现多线程时变量在系统内存中的可见性,这点可以去了解下volatile关键字的作用。
ticketrunnable用于模拟抢票功能。
其中由于lock与unlock之间存在if判断,为保证线程安全,这里使用synchronized来保证。
测试类:
package com.tiger.utils;
import java.io.serializable;
import org.slf4j.logger;
import org.slf4j.loggerfactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.redistemplate;
public class multiconsumer {
logger logger=loggerfactory.getlogger(multitestlock.class);
private redistemplate<serializable, serializable> redistemplate;
public multitestlock lock;
//总票量
public volatile static int count = 10;
public void statrtmulti() {
lock = new multitestlock(redistemplate);
for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
ticketrunnable tickrunner = new ticketrunnable();
thread thread = new thread(tickrunner, "thread no: " + i);
thread.start();
}
}
public class ticketrunnable implements runnable {
@override
public void run() {
logger.info(thread.currentthread().getname() + " start "
+ count);
// todo auto-generated method stub
if (count > 0) {
// logger.info(thread.currentthread().getname()
// + " really start" + count);
lock.lock();
synchronized (this) {
if(count<=0){
logger.info(thread.currentthread().getname()
+ " ticket sold out ! no tickets remained!" + count);
lock.unlock();
return;
}else{
count=count-1;
logger.info(thread.currentthread().getname()
+ " bought a ticket,now remaining :" + (count));
}
}
lock.unlock();
}else{
logger.info(thread.currentthread().getname()
+ " ticket sold out !" + count);
}
}
}
public redistemplate<serializable, serializable> getredistemplate() {
return redistemplate;
}
public void setredistemplate(
redistemplate<serializable, serializable> redistemplate) {
this.redistemplate = redistemplate;
}
public multiconsumer(redistemplate<serializable, serializable> redistemplate) {
super();
this.redistemplate = redistemplate;
}
}
lock工具类:
我们知道为保证线程安全,程序中执行的操作必须时原子的。redis后续的版本中可以使用set key同时设置expire超时时间。
想起上次去 电信翼支付 面试时,面试官问过一个问题:分布式锁如何防止死锁,问题关键在于我们在分布式中进行加锁操作时成功了,但是后续业务操作完毕执行解锁时出现失败。导致分布式锁无法释放。出现死锁,后续的加锁无法正常进行。所以这里设置expire超时时间的目的就是防止出现解锁失败的情况,这样,即使解锁失败了,分布式锁依然会在超时时间过了之后自动释放。
具体在代码中也有注释,也可以作为参考。
package com.tiger.utils;
import java.io.serializable;
import java.util.arrays;
import java.util.collections;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.iterator;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.random;
import java.util.concurrent.timeunit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.lock;
import javax.sound.midi.mididevice.info;
import org.slf4j.logger;
import org.slf4j.loggerfactory;
import org.springframework.dao.dataaccessexception;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.redisoperations;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.redistemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.sessioncallback;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.script.redisscript;
public class multitestlock implements lock {
logger logger=loggerfactory.getlogger(multitestlock.class);
private redistemplate<serializable, serializable> redistemplate;
public multitestlock(redistemplate<serializable, serializable> redistemplate) {
super();
this.redistemplate = redistemplate;
}
@override
public void lock() {
//这里使用while循环强制线程进来之后先进行抢锁操作。只有抢到锁才能进行后续操作
while(true){
if(trylock()){
try {
//这里让线程睡500毫秒的目的是为了模拟业务耗时,确保业务结束时之前设置的值正好打到超时时间,
//实际生产中可能有偏差,这里需要经验
thread.sleep(500l);
// logger.info(thread.currentthread().getname()+" time to awake");
return;
} catch (interruptedexception e) {
// todo auto-generated catch block
e.printstacktrace();
}
}else{
try {
//这里设置一个随机毫秒的sleep目的时降低while循环的频率
thread.sleep(new random().nextint(200)+100);
} catch (interruptedexception e) {
// todo auto-generated catch block
e.printstacktrace();
}
}
}
}
@override
public boolean trylock() {
//这里也可以选用transactionsupport支持事务操作
sessioncallback<object> sessioncallback=new sessioncallback<object>() {
@override
public object execute(redisoperations operations)
throws dataaccessexception {
operations.multi();
operations.opsforvalue().setifabsent("secret", "answer");
//设置超时时间要根据业务实际的可能处理时间来,是一个经验值
operations.expire("secret", 500l, timeunit.milliseconds);
object object=operations.exec();
return object;
}
};
//执行两部操作,这里会拿到一个数组值 [true,true],分别对应上述两部操作的结果,如果中途出现第一次为false则表明第一步set值出错
list<boolean> result=(list) redistemplate.execute(sessioncallback);
// logger.info(thread.currentthread().getname()+" try lock "+ result);
if(true==result.get(0)||"true".equals(result.get(0)+"")){
logger.info(thread.currentthread().getname()+" try lock success");
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
}
@override
public boolean trylock(long arg0, timeunit arg1)
throws interruptedexception {
// todo auto-generated method stub
return false;
}
@override
public void unlock() {
//unlock操作直接删除锁,如果执行完还没有达到超时时间则直接删除,让后续的线程进行继续操作。起到补刀的作用,确保锁已经超时或被删除
sessioncallback<object> sessioncallback=new sessioncallback<object>() {
@override
public object execute(redisoperations operations)
throws dataaccessexception {
operations.multi();
operations.delete("secret");
object object=operations.exec();
return object;
}
};
object result=redistemplate.execute(sessioncallback);
}
@override
public void lockinterruptibly() throws interruptedexception {
// todo auto-generated method stub
}
@override
public condition newcondition() {
// todo auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
public redistemplate<serializable, serializable> getredistemplate() {
return redistemplate;
}
public void setredistemplate(
redistemplate<serializable, serializable> redistemplate) {
this.redistemplate = redistemplate;
}
}
执行结果
可以看到,票数稳步减少,后续没有抢到锁的线程余票为0,无票可抢。
tips:
这其中也出现了一个问题,redis进行多部封装操作时,系统报错:err exec without multi
后经过查阅发现问题出在:
在spring中,多次执行multi命令不会报错,因为第一次执行时,会将其内部的一个isinmulti变量设为true,后续每次执行命令是都会检查这个变量,如果为true,则不执行命令。
而多次执行exec命令则会报开头说的”err exec without multi”错误。
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持www.887551.com。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教。